目的 调查维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的社交回避与苦恼现状，并分析其影响因素。 方法 选取2023年9月—12月东部战区总医院血液净化中心行MHD治疗的246例患者为调查对象，采用一般资料问卷、社交回避与苦恼量表、社会影响量表、领悟社会支持量表进行调查。 结果 MHD患者社交回避与苦恼得分为(12.02±6.70)分，处于中等水平。多元线性回归分析发现性别(β=0.278，P＜0.001)、家庭人均月收入(β=-0.168，P＜0.001)、生活自理能力(β=-0.133， P=0.005)、并发症数量(β=0.161，P =0.001)、病耻感总分(β=0.344，P＜0.001)、领悟社会支持总分(β=-0.257，P＜0.001)是社交回避与苦恼的主要影响因素。 结论 MHD患者的社交回避与苦恼处于中等水平，医护人员应结合其相关影响因素为患者提供针对性的干预措施，从而降低患者社交回避与苦恼水平，帮助患者更好地回归社会。
Objective To investigate the current situation of social avoidance and distress in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and to analyze its influencing factors. Method A total of 246 MHD patients treated in the Blood Purification Center of Eastern Theater Command General Hospital from September 2023 to December 2023 were selected as the investigation subjects. General information questionnaire, social avoidance and distress scale, social impact scale and perceived social support rating scale were used to the investigation. Results The score of social avoidance and distress in the MHD patients was 12.02±6.70, which was in the middle level. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that gender (β=0.278, P<0.001), per capita monthly family income (β=-0.168, P<0.001), self-care ability (β=-0.133, P=0.005), number of complications (β=0.161, P=0.001), total score of stigma (β=0.344, P<0.001) and total score of perceived social support (β=-0.257, P<0.001) were the main influencing factors for social avoidance and distress. Conclusion The social avoidance and distress in MHD patients are at a moderate level. Medical staff should provide targeted interventions for patients according to the relevant influencing factors, so as to reduce their social avoidance and distress level and help patients better return to society.
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