目的 分析我国肾透析高钾血症的研究现状、发展趋势，挖掘研究热点及前沿。 方法 运用CiteSpace文献分析软件对中国知网、万方、维普2000─2022年收录的肾透析高钾血症的相关文献进行可视化分析。 结果 共纳入肾透析高钾血症相关文献397篇，总体发文量呈上升趋势，2011年之后年均发文量(20.4篇/年)约为前十年(12篇/年)2倍。前十年高频关键词为心律失常、饮食控制、净化设备、治疗及与血钾升高有关用药，2010年之后为心电图、健康教育、护理质量。关键词分析结果显示前十年研究热点为严重心律失常急救相关、心电图变化、生存时间，干预措施强调饮食限制；2010年后健康教育、护理质量和低钾血症受到关注。近年高水平机构的多中心合作逐渐加强，研究结果揭示了高血钾的流行病学特征。关键词突现显示护理干预、慢性高血钾和生活质量将为研究前沿。 结论 近20年肾透析高钾血症的研究从抢救、诊断、治疗到重视预防和护理干预，再到注重生活质量不断的发展和变化。目前更强调综合的管理模式，包括规范急性高血钾的处理流程和重视慢性高血钾的早期管理。探索更好的健康教育模式、注重生活质量和强调护理人员作为干预主体将会是未来的研究前沿和热点。
Objective To analyze the research status, development trend, research hotspots and frontiers of renal dialysis hyperkalemia in China. Methods CiteSpace literature analysis software was used to visually analyze the relevant literature on renal dialysis hyperkalemia collected from CNKI, Wanfang and VIP from 2000 to 2022. The maps were then downloaded for analyses. Results A total of 397 relevant research articles were included. The overall number of papers published showed an upward trend. The average annual number of papers published after 2011 (20.4 papers/year) was about twice that in the previous 10 years (12 papers/year). The high-frequency keywords were arrhythmia, diet control, purification equipment, treatment, and drugs related increase of blood potassium in the 10 years before 2010, and became ECG, health education and nursing quality in the 10 years after 2010, Keyword analysis showed that the research hotspots were first aid-related severe arrhythmia, ECG changes, survival time, and the importance of dietary restriction as the intervention measure in the first 10 years, and became health education, quality of care, and monitoring the presence of hypokalemia in the 10 years after 2010. In recent years, multicenter collaboration studies among high-level institutions have revealed the epidemiological characteristics of hyperkalemia; nursing intervention, chronic hyperkalemia and quality of life became the keywords and research frontiers. Conclusion In the past 20 years, the research on hyperkalemia in renal dialysis patients has been changed from rescue, diagnosis and treatment to prevention, nursing intervention, and improvement of quality of life. Currently, comprehensive management model is emphasized, including standardizing the treatment process of acute hyperkalemia and the early management of chronic hyperkalemia. In the future, exploring better health education model and promoting caregivers as the main body of intervention will be the hotspots and frontiers of the research on renal dialysis hyperkalemia.
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