目的 检索并汇总维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis，MHD)患者不宁腿综合征(restless legs syndrome，RLS)症状管理的最佳证据，为临床实践提供循证依据。 方法 系统检索国内外数据库及指南网站中有关MHD患者RLS症状管理的临床决策、指南、证据总结、系统评价、专家共识及随机对照试验，检索时限为建库至2024年5月30日。 结果 共纳入14篇文献，包括4篇临床决策、2篇指南、1篇证据总结和7篇系统评价，汇总出29条最佳证据，包括管理受益、诊断与管理、危险/加重因素、评估与监测、透析优化、补充替代疗法、药物治疗和健康教育8个方面。 结论 本研究汇总了MHD患者RLS症状管理的最佳证据，为医护人员临床实践提供了循证依据。

Objective   To retrieve and summarize the best evidence for symptom management of restless leg syndrome (RLS) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to provide evidence-based references for clinical practice.  Methods  Clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, expert consensus and randomized controlled trials on RLS symptom management in MHD patients were systematically searched in domestic and foreign databases from establishment of the database to May 30, 2024.  Results  A total of 14 articles were picked up, including 4 clinical decisions, 2 guidelines, 1 evidence summary and 7 systematic reviews. A total of 29 titles of evidence were summarized in 8 aspects, including management benefit, diagnosis and management, risk/aggravating factors, evaluation and monitoring, dialysis optimization, supplementary replacement therapy, drug therapy and health education.  Conclusion  This study summarizes the best evidence for RLS symptom management in MHD patients, and provides evidence-based references for clinical practice in clinicians and nurses.