生物电阻抗分析(bioelectrical impedance analysis，BIA)是一种通过测量人体对微小电流的通过性来评估身体组成和营养状态的技术，该技术具有操作相对简单、快速、非侵入等优点。BIA测量人体的细胞外液(extracellular water，ECW)、细胞内液(intracellular water，ICW)、相位角(phase angle，PhA)、电阻(resistance,R)、电抗(reactance,Xc)和阻抗向量长度的原始测量值等参数，可用于评估透析患者容量状态、营养状态、蛋白质能量消耗(protein energy wasting，PEW)状态，以及肌肉组织分析和脂肪组织分析等，具有重要的临床意义。本文就BIA在血液透析(hemodialysis，HD)和腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis，PD)中的应用作一综述。

 Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a technique to evaluate body composition and nutritional status by measuring the small electrical current through human body. This technique has the advantages of relatively simple, speedy, and non-invasive. BIA measures the original values of extracellular water volume (ECW), intracellular water volume (ICW), phase angle (PhA), resistance (R), reactance (Xc) and impedance vector length, which can be used to evaluate volume status, nutritional status, protein energy wasting (PEW) status, muscle tissue analysis and adipose tissue analysis with clinical importance in dialysis patients. This article reviews BIA used in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.