自体动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula，AVF)是终末期肾病患者的生命线，其成熟对患者生存期的延长及生活质量的改善至关重要。我国目前约有80%的维持性血液透析患者使用AVF进行血液透析，但AVF创建后有20%～60%未能成熟。AVF的成熟受患者因素、手术技术、手术后锻炼及医疗辅助等因素影响。近年来为提高AVF成熟率，不少学者对影响AVF成熟的因素做了一系列研究，本文就影响AVF成熟因素的研究进展做一综述。

Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a lifeline for end-stage renal disease patients, crucial for extending survival and improving quality of life. In China, about 80% of maintenance hemodialysis patients use AVF, yet 20% to 60% of newly created AVFs fail to mature. AVF maturation is influenced by patient factors, surgical techniques, postoperative exercise, and medical support. Many scholars have studied factors affecting AVF maturation to improve maturation rates. This review covers research progress on factors influencing AVF maturation.