目的 开发适合我国血液透析初始透析期患者的结构化教育课程。 方法 2023年6月─2024年6月，通过文献分析和自制《血液透析初始透析期患者结构化教育需求问卷》对患者进行需求调查，借鉴现有结构化教育模式，形成血液透析初始透析期患者结构化教育课程初稿，并通过专家会议进一步修订和完善血液透析初始透析期患者结构化教育课程，并进行初步应用。 结果 形成由医护共同实施的血液透析初始期患者结构化教育课程，课程包括教学目标、教学内容及教学评价等。对38例血液透析初始期患者进行课程的初步应用，实施后患者的认识水平(Z=-5.402,P＜0.001)、自我管理(t=-5.065,P＜0.001)、情绪状态(t=-7.477,P＜0.001)、血红蛋白(t=-5.637,P＜0.001)、白蛋白(t=-3.314,P=0.002)、总蛋白(t=-4.958,P＜0.001)、血清钙（t=-2.683,P= 0.011）均高于实施前。 结论 课程以知-信-行模式为理论框架，以结构化教育为基本框架，以患者需求为中心，基于文献分析及专家会议，具有科学性、规范性，且初步应用效果较好，值得进一步临床推广。
Objective To develop a structured educational curriculum suitable for patients during initial hemodialysis period in China. Methods From June 2023 to June 2024, a survey was conducted through literature analysis and on patients using the self-made "Structured Education Needs Questionnaire for Initial Hemodialysis Patients". Based on existed structured education models, a preliminary draft of structured education courses for initial hemodialysis patients was formed. Further revision and improvement of the draft were made through expert meetings. Results The final draft of the structured education course for patients in the initial stage of hemodialysis was collectively implemented by medical staff. The course includes teaching objectives, content, and evaluation. The preliminary application of the course on 38 patients in the initial hemodialysis period showed that after implementation, the patients' awareness level (Z=-5.402, P<0.001), self-management (t=-5.065, P<0.001), emotional state (t=-7.477, P<0.001), hemoglobin (t=-5.637, P<0.001), albumin (t=-3.314, P=0.002), total protein (t=-4.958, P<0.001) and serum calcium (t=-2.683, P=0.011) were all higher than those before implementation, and patient satisfaction was relatively high. Conclusion The structured education curriculum for patients during initial hemodialysis period is scientific, accurate, standardized, vivid, easy to understand, and worthy of further clinical promotion.
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