终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease，ESRD)患者的死亡率一直是肾脏病学领域关注的重点。维持性血液透析是目前ESRD的主要肾脏替代治疗方式，透析患者死亡风险很高，但患者之间差异显著，准确预测血液透析患者的死亡风险对于临床决策、资源分配以及患者管理具有重要意义。本综述针对国内外开发的血液透析患者死亡风险预测模型进行探讨和概述，通过比较不同模型的建模方法、预测能力、泛化性以及临床实用性，为构建合适的预测模型提供参考。

In the context of escalating prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally, the mortality rate among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has remained a concern point in the field of nephrology. Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is the predominant renal replacement therapy for ESRD. However, mortality risk in MHD patients is still higher with significant inter-patient variability. Accurate prediction of mortality risk in MHD patients is critical for clinical decision-making, resource allocation, and patient management. This review aims to discuss and outline the mortality risk prediction models developed for hemodialysis patients, both domestically and internationally. By comparing the modeling methods, predictive capabilities, generalizability and clinical utility of the models, this review provides a reference for constructing an appropriate predictive model.