【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous quality improvement (CQI) on the prevention of peritonitis in CAPD patients. Methods Thirty peritonitis cases in the 63 CAPD patients in 2008 were analysis. We adopted the four-step method (PDCA), i.e., plan, do, check and act, to design and perform measures for reducing the prevalence of peritonitis, and then compared the peritonitis patients in 2008 with the 14 peritonitis patients in 101 CAPD patients in 2009. Results After CQI, peritonitis patients reduced obviously, from 1 case every 22.2 months to 1 vase every 70.4 months. Gram-positive coccobacteria peritonitis patients reduced from 1 case every 35.8 months to 1 case every 197 months. Recurrent peritonitis reduced from 1 case every 80.5 months to 1 case every 985 months. The decrease of peritonitis cases coincided with the measures we adopted. Conclusion CQI can reduce he prevalence of peritonitis in CAPD patients.