【Abstract】With the progresses of renal anemia administration, many researches recognize that hemoglobin stability is an important index for the treatment and prognosis of renal anemia. Evidences from other countries indicate that hemoglobin instability has a direct relationship with mortality in dialysis and non-dialysis patients. Among these studies, the DOPPS study is worthwhile to be concerned. Here we discuss hemoglobin fluctuation and its related factors, the relationship between hemoglobin fluctuation and patient’s survival and outcome, the ideal target of hemoglobin level, and its clinical significance in dialysis patients especially in hemodialysis patients.