【Abstract】Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its prevalence and severity increases with the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. Anemia causes many symptoms related to renal dysfunction, and results into increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, hospitalization rate and mortality in these patients. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in patients with CKD. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) plays a vital role in cardiovascular disease development. Anemia is an important independent risk factor for the development and progression of LVH in CKD patients. Anemia improvement in CKD patients can reverse LVH and reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular complications.