【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effect of a balloon compression tourniquet for arteriovenous fistula. Methods A total of 60 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients using arteriovenous fistula as the blood access route and treated in the Blood Purification Center of Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital from August 2020 to October 2020 were enrolled as the research subjects. They were randomly and equally divided into the observation group, in which the balloon compression tourniquet was used to prevent from bleeding at the puncture site, and the control group, in which elastic bandage or manual pressure was applied to the puncture site. The hemostasis effects including the presence of bleeding at the puncture site, swelling, pseudoaneurysm and hypodermic ecchymosis were compared between the two groups after the intervention for 3 months. Results A total of 2,282 times of pressure hemostasis were performed in the two groups. The hemostatic effects including the absence of bleeding at the puncture site, swelling, pseudoaneurysm and hypodermic hemorrhage were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group (χ2=25.356, 18.355, 28.762 and 25.287 respectively; P=0.047, 0.033, 0.036 and 0.050 respectively). Conclusion The hemostasis function of the balloon compression tourniquet for the prevention of arteriovenous fistula bleeding after puncture can be regulated by controling pressure level in the tourniquet, with the effect better than the traditional hemostasis methods. This tourniquet is easy to be manipulated, relatively comfortable for the patients, and worthwhile to be widely used clinically.