Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in general population. With the decline of kidney function, the abnormality of phosphorus metabolism is gradually aggravated. In China, hyperphosphatemia in CKD is characterized by high prevalence and low control rate. Hyperphosphatemia is an independent risk factor of CKD progression, secondary hyperparathyroidism, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Literatures on mechanisms of hyperphosphatemia and its adverse outcomes were reviewed.