China has a large number of patients with renal anemia and tumor anemia after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Long acting erythropoietin (EPO) has the advantages of long half-life and high biological activity. It can reduce the frequency and dose of administration, improve patient compliance and improve the effect of anemia treatment. This paper summarizes the design scheme, advantages and application prospects of long-acting EPO in order to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the wide application of long-acting EPO in China.