Hemodialysis is the most important replacement treatment for chronic kidney disease progressed to end-stage renal disease. The incidence of depression has been reported to be 20～55% in hemodialysis patients. Recent studies have shown that inflammatory factors play important roles in hemodialysis patients, and have impacts on the presence and development of depression. This article reviews the research progresses in inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of depression in hemodialysis patients and its treatment.