Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with a complex pathogenesis characterized by a persistent low-grade inflammatory state. In recent years, the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) has received widespread attention as a new tool for assessing the inflammatory state. SII can better reflect the systemic inflammation level of the patient, and has been widely used in clinical practice because of its advantages of easy access, low price, and ease of calculation. The purpose of this article is to review the research progresses in SII in CKD patients, to explore the relationship between SII and occurrence and development of CKD, to assess the value of SII in disease monitoring and prognostic assessment, and to provide the useful references for subsequent studies.