Objective  Laparoscopic catheterization has the advantages of directly exploring the abdominal cavity and correcting the catheter position. However, conventional techniques typically require 2-3 ports, which may increase the risk of complications such as abdominal wall hernia and dialysate leakage. To address this, we designed a simplified single-port laparoscopic catheterization (SLC) technique.  Methods  30 patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent peritoneal dialysis catheterization at the Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from March 2023 to September 2023 were selected and divided into a SLC group (n=15) and an open surgical catheterization (OSC) group (n=15). The baseline data before surgery, perioperative conditions, postoperative complications, and long-term catheter prognosis of the two groups were compared.  Results  No statistical differences in the baseline data between the two groups of patients. All patients underwent successfully peritoneal dialysis catheters inserted, with good intraoperative status. Compared with the OSC group, the SLC group had a shorter operation time (t=-4.227, P＜0.001) and postoperative hospital stays (Z=-3.124, P=0.001), smaller incisions (Z=-4.864, P＜0.001), and less postoperative pain (t=-3.786, P=0.001), but higher hospitalization costs (t=2.662, P=0.018). By the end of follow-up, 5 cases in the OSC group had bloody peritoneal dialysis fluid, 1 case had early peritonitis with catheter displacement, 1 case had dialysate leakage, and 1 case had catheter blockage, while the SLC group only had 3 cases of bloody peritoneal dialysis fluid, and no other catheter-related complications or infections occurred. The 1-year catheter survival rates for the two groups were 93.3% for the SLC group and 86.7% for the OSC group, respectively.  Conclusion   Single-port laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheterization is a feasible and safe technique with advantages including reduced operative time, shorter hospital stays, and fewer complications compared to open surgery.