炼油技术与工程 ›› 2024, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 45-49.

• 安全卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

石化企业火灾风险评估与消防系统性能评估

胡晨   

  1. 中国石化工程建设有限公司
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-24 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-27
  • 作者简介:胡晨，正高级工程师，大学本科，1976年毕业于北京工业大学工业水处理专业，主要研究方向为石油化工安全消防工程设计。联系电话：010-84876512,E-mail:huc.sei@sinopec.com。

Assessment of fire risk and fire protection system performance in petrochemical enterprises

Hu Chen   

  1. SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation
  • Received:2023-10-24 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-27

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摘要：

依据近年来发布的美国消防协会(NFPA)标准、美国石油学会(API)标准、美国《消防工程师手册》及我国相关防火标准，秉承基于风险的先进理念，文中试图说明消防系统的设置不仅应当基于火灾风险评估，还应结合项目实际进行消防系统的性能评估，以验证设计采取的消防安全措施对火灾风险控制达到的可接受程度。文中解析了火灾风险评估的3个关键要素：火灾危险性分析、火灾场景设定、消防需求分析；说明了消防系统性能成功率是3个性能指标(反应效率、在线可用性、操作可靠性)的概率乘积；指出系统反应时间非常关键，可接受的人员反应时间是小于或等于3 min。

关键词: 火灾, 风险评估, 消防系统, 性能评估, 防火标准, 反应效率, 在线可用性, 操作可靠性

Abstract:

This paper is based on the recent information from NFPA, API, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering as well as the related Chinese fire code. According to the risk-based concept, it intends to illustrate that the design of fire protection system should be not only based on the fire risk assessment, but also to assess the fire protection system performance combined with the project situation, in order to validate the fire risk tolerance level controlled by fire safety measures. It analyzes the three key elements in fire risk assessment, including the fire hazard analysis, fire scenarios design and fire protection demand. It explains that success of fire protection system performance is the product of three probabilistic success measures: response effectiveness, online availability and operational reliability. The system response time is critical, and target risk tolerance points for people is less than or equal to 3 min.

Key words: fire, risk assessment, fire protection system, performance evaluation, fire prevention standard, response effectiveness, online availability, operational reliability