炼油技术与工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 32-35.

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费托合成油α-烯烃与烷烃分离研究进展

左佳乐，薛强，刘宏宇，贾振勇，刘翔，王旭，刘彤，刘雪，苏洋，解利军，张晓龙，李志飞，钱震，郑宏锋   

  1. 内蒙古伊泰煤基新材料研究院有限公司
  • 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-25
  • 作者简介:左佳乐，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为煤制油下游产品的应用。联系电话：15049292054，E-mail: 15049292054@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    “科技兴蒙” 行动重点项目（2020XM02）

Research progress on the separation of α-olefin from alkanes in FT synthetic oil

Zuo Jiale, Xue Qiang, Liu Hongyu, Jia Zhenyong, Liu Xiang, Wang Xu, Liu Tong, Liu Xue, Su Yang, Xie Lijun, Zhang Xiaolong, Li Zhifei, Qian Zhen, Zheng Hongfeng   

  1. Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal-based New Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd.
  • Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-25

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摘要：

采用费托合成法制备的烯烃产品碳数分布广，主要为α-烯烃，不含硫、氮、芳烃等杂质。由于产物中存在少量烷烃，因此费托合成油中α-烯烃与烷烃的分离是制备高纯度α-烯烃的关键，主要的分离方法有液液萃取法、精馏法、膜分离法、吸附法。文中综述了上述方法的分离原理及研究进展：相较于极性有机溶剂，离子液体和低共熔溶剂挥发性低、不易燃、更加绿色环保，可作为液液萃取法萃取剂；萃取精馏法和反应萃取精馏法常用于分离同碳数的烷烃和烯烃；近年来，膜分离技术快速发展，溶解扩散膜和促进传递膜广泛应用于烷烃和烯烃的分离；吸附法常用的吸附材料有二氧化硅、沸石、分子筛及金属有机框架。

关键词: 费托合成, α-烯烃, 烷烃分离, 液液萃取法, 精馏法, 膜分离法, 吸附法

Abstract:

The olefin products prepared by the F-T synthesis method have many advantages, such as wide carbon number distribution, mainly α-olefin, no sulfur, nitrogen and aromatic impurities, and so on. Due to the presence of a small amount of alkanes in the product, the separation of α-olefin and alkanes in FT synthetic oil is the key step to produce high purity α-olefin. The main separation methods include liquid-liquid extraction, distillation, membrane separation and adsorption. In this paper, the separation principles and research progress of these methods are reviewed. Compared to polar organic solvents, ionic liquids and eutectic solvents have lower volatility, are less flammable, and are more environmentally friendly, making them suitable as extractants for liquid-liquid extraction methods. Extraction distillation method and reactive extraction distillation method are commonly used to separate alkanes and olefins with the same carbon number. The rapid development of membrane separation technology has led to the widespread use of solution diffusion membranes and promotion transfer membranes for the separation of alkanes and olefins. The commonly used adsorption materials of adsorption methods include silica, zeolite, molecular sieve, and metal organic frameworks.

Key words: F-T synthesis, α-olefin, alkane and olefin separation, liquid-liquid extraction, distillation, membrane separation, adsorption