Based on the two newly commissioned toluene hydrogenation dealkylation benzene production units using THDA technology in China in recent years, this paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the technology from the aspects of reaction principle, process technology, key equipment, and energy consumption. Toluene undergoes direct thermal cracking to produce benzene under hydrogenation, high-temperature, and high-pressure conditions, with a single-pass conversion rate of around 83%. The unreacted toluene is recycled to the feed buffer tank, achieving a total product yield of approximately 98%. The reaction is exothermic, with an inlet temperature of 665°C, an outlet temperature of 720°C, a reaction pressure of 3.2 MPa, and a hydrogen-to-oil molar ratio of 6 at the outlet. The unit's energy consumption is 48.29 kgoe/t. Key equipment for this technology includes the toluene benzene reactor, heat-integrated feed exchanger, and reaction feed heater. To reduce investment, the reactor typically uses a cold-wall reactor with lining, where the lining material and thickness are critical design considerations. The heat-integrated feed exchanger must fully consider the tube sheet stress, as well as the expansion of the exchanger itself and the changes in operating conditions of the connected reactor that may cause expansion. The design load of the feed heater is primarily determined by the start-up conditions, but it also needs to consider the characteristics of the cold-wall reactor.