关键词: 固定床, 渣油加氢装置, 反应器, 压力降, 热点, 结垢, 催化剂级配, 金属负载

Abstract: There are many factors affecting the long term operation of fixed bed residue hydrotreating unit, including the rapid rise of pressure drop, hot spot in catalyst bed, scaling of high pressure heat exchanger, and mismatch between catalyst gradation and operation cycle,etc. In order to extend the running period of the residue hydrotreating unit, refineries can take measures such as strengthening the control of feedstock, using catalysts grading system with high capacity/deprivation ability of metal, using high performance components, as well as applicating the technology combining rotating upward reactor protection with fixed bed and the technology combining ebullated bed and fixed bed to extend the operation cycle of fixed bed residue hydrogenation unit and improve the economic efficiency of enterprises.

Key words: fixed bed, residue hydrogenation unit, reactor, pressure drop, hot spot, scaling, catalyst gradation, metal load