炼油技术与工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 23-27.

• 机械设备 • 上一篇    下一篇

煤直接液化装置大型减压塔结构设计总结

闫晶怡，万里平   

  1. 中国石化工程建设有限公司，北京市 100101
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-29 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-21
  • 作者简介:闫晶怡，高级工程师，工学学士，1995年毕业于大连理工大学化工过程与机械专业，长期从事石油化工设备设计工作。E-mail: yanjingyi.sei@sinopec.com。

Summary of structural design for a large vacuum tower in coal direct liquefaction unit

Yan Jingyi, Wan Liping   

  1. SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2024-12-29 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-21

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摘要：

对某煤直接液化装置减压塔的设计特点进行了系统梳理和介绍。通过比较计算及有限元分析得出：锥形变径段在降低设备高度、节省制造和运输费用及简化设计计算等方面较球形变径段更有优势；折边锥形变径段较无折边锥形变径段能够降低约30%的薄膜+弯曲应力；当减压塔筒体采取了足够安全的防外压失稳措施时（如设置有效的外压加强圈），筒体上超限切向大开口在满足强度和稳定计算的前提下不会对塔体的屈曲产生影响。文中提及的多项优化设计及改进措施均可为今后类似含固介质的减压塔设计提供参考，也为同类型大直径塔设备的现场整体热处理提供了实践依据。

关键词: 煤直接液化装置, 减压塔, 锥形变径段, 转油线进料段, 耐磨衬里, 热处理, 有限元分析, 应力强度

Abstract:

In this paper, the design characteristics of a vacuum tower in a coal direct liquefaction unit are systematically reviewed and introduced. Through comparative calculations and finite element analysis (FEA), it is concluded that the conical transition section has more advantages than the spherical transition section in reducing equipment height, saving manufacturing and transportation costs, and simplifying design calculations; the toric conical transition section can reduce membrane and bending stress by about 30% compared with the conical transition section; when sufficient safety measures are taken to prevent external pressure instability in the vacuum tower (such as setting effective stiffener rings for external pressure), the oversized tangential opening on the cylinder will not affect the buckling of the tower under the premise of meeting strength and stability calculations. The optimization designs and improvement measures mentioned in this paper can provide reference for the design of similar vacuum towers handling solid-containing medium, and also provide a practical basis for the on-site integral heat treatment of similar large-diameter towers.

Key words: coal direct liquefaction unit, vacuum tower, conical transition section, feed section of transfer line, wear-resistant lining, heat treatment, finite element analysis, stress intensity