Abstract: The diesel hydrofining reactors in industrial operation mainly have two modes: the downcomer reactor (TBR) with gas-liquid flowing downward and the upcomer reactor (FBR) with gas-liquid flowing upward. The TBR mostly operates in trickle-bed mode when the hydrogen to oil ratio is 300~600, while the FBR mostly operates in liquid phase circulation mode when the hydrogen to oil ratio is 50~80. Both have advantages and disadvantages. After the successful development of micro-bubble generator which could increase the gas holdup greatly, the diesel hydrofining unit in an enterprise was transformed from TBR into micro-bubble strengthening FBR. The H₂ bubble size was adjusted from millimeter-centimeter level to micron level, which increased the gas-liquid interface area dozens of times. The calculation of physical parameters and thermodynamic properties of reaction materials in micro-bubble environment are discussed. The FBR bed with hydrogen to oil ratio 300~600 is designed as an expansion bed with limit. The internals of FBR series reactor (SLMG-1) based on test and CFD simulation are developed, and the problems encountered in the process of engineering technology development are studied.

Key words: diesel hydrorefining, micro-bubble reactor, large hydrogen to oil ratio, bed expansion ratio, reactor internals

摘要： 工业运行的柴油加氢精制装置反应器主要有气、液并流向下的下行床反应器(TBR)和气、液并流向上的上行床反应器(FBR)两种,TBR多在氢油比为300～600的条件下以滴流床方式运作,FBR多在氢油比为50～80的条件下以液相循环方式运行,两者各有优点和缺点。大幅提高气含率的微气泡发生器开发成功后,某企业柴油加氢精制装置将TBR改造为微气泡强化FBR,将H₂气泡尺寸从毫米-厘米级调控为微米级,数十倍地提高了气、液相界面积。探讨了微气泡环境下反应物料的物性参数及热力学性质计算,将氢油比为300～600的FBR设计为带限位的膨胀床,开发了以试验和CFD(计算流体力学)模拟为基础的FBR系列化反应器内构件(SLMG-1),并对工程技术开发过程中遇到的问题进行了探析。

关键词: 柴油加氢精制, 微气泡反应器, 大氢油比, 床层膨胀率, 反应器内构件