Abstract: The high-pressure heat exchangers for feedstock-product of several residue hydrotreating units of SINOPEC are investigated from different aspects, including the operation situation of high-pressure heat exchangers, the influence of high-pressure heat exchanger scaling, the factors affecting high-pressure heat exchanger scaling, and the measures to alleviate high-pressure heat exchanger scaling. The investigation results show that: the high-pressure heat exchanger with tube side on feedstock side and shell side on product side is prone to reduce heat exchange efficiency, and scaling is the main reason; The scaling of high-pressure heat exchanger will seriously affect the normal operation of the unit; The main component of the scaling of high-pressure heat exchanger is ferrous sulfide, but the existence of ferrous sulfide is the necessary and insufficient condition for scaling; The injection of scale inhibitor or physical/chemical cleaning and other measures can not overcome the problem of high-pressure heat exchanger; The scaling problem of high pressure heat exchanger can be effectively avoided by designing the feedstock-product high-pressure heat exchanger with shell side and tube side on the feedstock side and increasing the logistics speed in the heat exchanger.

Key words: residue hydrotreating, high pressure heat exchanger, scaling, ferrous sulfide

摘要： 从高压换热器运行概况、结垢造成的影响、影响结垢的因素、缓解结垢的措施等不同方面对中国石化若干套渣油加氢装置的原料-产物高压换热器进行了调研。调研结果表明：原料侧为管程、产物侧为壳程的高压换热器较多出现换热效率下降问题，且结垢是其主因；高压换热器结垢会严重影响装置的正常运行；高压换热器垢物的主要成分为硫化亚铁，但存在硫化亚铁是其结垢的必要非充分条件；注入阻垢剂或是采用物理、化学清洗等措施无法从根本上解决高压换热器结垢问题；将高压换热器设计为原料侧为壳程、产物侧为管程并增大换热器中的物流速度可以有效避免结垢问题。

关键词: 渣油加氢, 高压换热器, 结垢, 硫化亚铁