Abstract: The contents of impurity elements in the deactivated catalyst and regenerated catalyst of industrial hydrocracking unit are determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results of elemental analysis show that the deposition of a large amount of phosphorus on the particles of hydrotreating catalyst is the main reason for the deactivation of hydrotreating catalyst. SEM-EDS characterization shows that phosphorus is mainly distributed on the outer surface of catalyst particles, which not only covers the active center on the surface of catalyst, but also blocks the channel of reactants entering into the catalyst particles, resulting in the loss of overall activity of the catalyst. The results of micro reactor evaluation confirme that the phosphorus impurities in the catalyst mainly came from the phosphorus corrosion inhibitor, which is easy to combine with the active metal of the catalyst, resulting in rapid deactivation of the catalyst, and the activity can not be recovered after regeneration.

Key words: phosphorus corrosion inhibitor, hydrofining, deactivation of catalyst, impurity elements

摘要： 采用X射线荧光光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)测定了工业加氢裂化装置的失活催化剂以及再生催化剂的杂质元素含量及其在颗粒表面和沿颗粒径向的分布情况。分析结果表明,大量磷元素在加氢精制催化剂颗粒上的沉积是造成催化剂失活的主要原因。SEM-EDS表征显示,磷元素主要分布于催化剂颗粒的外表面,不仅覆盖了催化剂表层的活性中心,也堵塞了反应物进入催化剂颗粒内部的通道,致使催化剂整体活性丧失。微型反应装置评价结果证实,催化剂中磷杂质主要源自于含磷工业缓蚀剂,其易与催化剂的活性金属结合造成催化剂快速失活,并且再生后活性不可恢复。

关键词: 磷缓蚀剂, 加氢精制, 催化剂失活, 杂质元素