Abstract: The safety accidents in the production process of dangerous chemicals have relatively big economic loss and heavy social impact, so it must be eliminated from the root, at least to a great extent. The BP Texas City refinery explosion and fire accident is one of the most serious factory disasters in the United States in recent 40 years, and it is also a typical process safety accident. The study explores the accident with element analysis method of process safety management (PSM), and systematically discusses the causes of the accident. It can be seen that the key cause of the accident is the serious violation of system requirements by multiple elements. It proves the importance of the PSM system by the actual case exemplification, demonstrating that by controlling the serious deviations to its elements to achieve the target that the significant process safety accident risk can be eliminated from the root and management systems.

Key words: BP Texas City refinery, isomerization unit, explosion, fire accident, PSM system, key element, conformity matrix evaluation

摘要： 危化品生产过程的安全事故所造成的经济损失和社会影响均较大,必须从根源上消除,至少也要极大程度地减缓。BP Texas炼油厂爆炸和火灾事故是美国近40年来最严重的工厂灾难之一,也是一起典型的过程安全事故。以过程安全管理(PSM)体系要素分析方法对该事故进行研究,系统地探讨该事故的原因。可以看出,多个要素严重违反体系要求为该事故发生的关键原因。同时以实例证明PSM体系的重要性,通过控制其中要素的严重偏离,实现从根源上和管理体系上消除重大安全事故风险的目标。

关键词: BP Texas 炼油厂, 异构化装置, 爆炸, 火灾, 过程安全管理体系, 要素, 符合性矩阵评估