Abstract:

The national, industrial and local governments have become more and more strict on the safety management, the possibility of serious accidents occurring in chemical and hazardous chemical production enterprises has shown a decreasing trend. However, because the accidents are serious, the accident risk is still large, in particular, industrial transfer projects and aged chemical plants are prone to safety accidents. Aged chemical plants are faced with equipment fatigue, pipeline aging, system failure rate increasing, stability and reliability decreasing, increased safety risk. Chemical and dangerous chemicals may cause serious and extremely large production safety accidents mainly by ways of fire, explosion, poisoning and asphyxia, etc. If the emergency treatment of accidents is improper, it is easy to expand the scope of the accident and even cause secondary environmental pollution accidents(events). Through safety risk assessment, the elimination and withdrawal mechanism of old chemical plants has been established, and the safety design and diagnosis of in-service chemical plants(facilities) has been carried out to continuously improve the overall level of essential safety. The judgment and supervision of major hidden dangers should be strictly carried out in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, rules, standards and normative documents, and strive to be legal, compliant, reasonable, scientific and fair.

Key words: safety design diagnosis, safety risk assessment, petrochemical industry, fine chemical industry, in-service chemical plants, aged chemical plants, irregular design, major hidden danger

摘要：

国家、行业和地方政府对安全管理越来越严格，化工和危险化学品生产企业发生重特大事故的可能性呈现降低的趋势，但事故后果严重，事故风险仍然较大，特别是产业转移项目和老旧化工装置容易发生安全事故。老旧化工装置面临设备疲劳、管道老化，系统故障率上升，稳定性和可靠性降低，安全风险增大。化工和危险化学品可能造成重特大生产安全事故的主要方式是火灾、爆炸、中毒和窒息等，如果事故应急处置不当，容易导致事故影响范围扩大，甚至造成次生环境污染事故(事件)。通过安全风险评估建立化工老旧装置淘汰退出机制，开展在役化工装置(设施)安全设计诊断工作，不断提升本质安全整体水平。对重大隐患的判定与监督管理应严格按有关法律、法规、规章、标准及规范性文件等执行，努力做到合法、合规、合理、科学、公正。

关键词: 安全设计诊断, 安全风险评估, 石油化工, 精细化工, 在役化工装置, 老旧化工装置, 未经正规设计, 重大隐患