Abstract: In order to solve the problem of large radial temperature difference at the bottom of the first reactor in the early stage of the third cycle of residue hydrotreating unit, the catalyst grading scheme and operation mode are adjusted accordingly in the fourth cycle. In the fourth cycle, while maintaining the demetallization activity of the catalyst in the first reactor, reduce its desulfurization and residual carbon conversion activity, and improve the desulfurization and residual carbon conversion activity of the catalyst in the rear reactor. When the overall activity of the catalyst is basically unchanged, the temperature rise distribution of each reactor is more reasonable. In the initial stage of the fourth cycle, the reaction temperature is rapidly increased to match the reaction temperature and slag mixing ratio, and improve the logistics distribution effect in the first reactor. Through the above adjustment, the problem of large radial temperature difference in the initial stage of the first reactor operation is effectively solved, which provides conditions for the long-term stable operation. The fourth cycle has been running for 666 days. The hydrotreated atmospheric residue produced from high sulfur, high carbon and high metal residue can meet the feedstock requirements of FCC unit.

Key words: full hydrogenation refinery, residue hydrotreating unit, long-term operation, catalyst bed, average temperature, reactor temperature rise, maximum radial temperature difference

摘要： 针对渣油加氢装置第三周期运行初期第一反应器（一反）底部径向温差大的问题，第四周期对催化剂级配方案和操作模式进行了调整。第四周期在保持一反催化剂脱金属活性的同时，降低其脱硫及残炭转化活性，提高后部反应器催化剂的脱硫及残炭转化活性，在催化剂整体活性基本不变的情况下，各个反应器的温升分布更加合理。第四周期运行初期快速提高反应温度，使反应温度和掺渣比相匹配，改善了一反内物流分配效果。通过上述调整，有效解决了运行初期一反径向温差大的问题，为实现装置的长周期稳定运转提供了条件。第四周期已累计运转666 d，以高硫、高残炭、高金属劣质渣油为原料，生产的加氢常压渣油能够满足催化裂化装置进料的要求。

关键词: 全氢型炼油厂, 渣油加氢装置, 长周期, 催化剂床层, 平均温度, 反应器温升, 最大径向温差