Abstract:

The integrated incineration cracking process for regenerating refinery acid gas and producing acid with waste sulfuric acid can effectively solve the treatment problems of acid gas and waste sulfuric acid produced by refineries. Taking the process flow of a certain refinery using acid gas and waste sulfuric acid as raw materials to produce acid for alkylation with a mass fraction of 99.2% H₂SO₄ as an example, by analyzing the reaction characteristics of the incineration cracking, purification, conversion, dry absorption and other sections of the process, as well as the existing public engineering conditions of the refinery and the economic reliability of the unit operation, the ratio of raw materials(acid gas and waste sulfuric acid), auxiliary gas(air and oxygen rich), and fuel gas was adjusted to obtain a reasonable gas distribution plan, thereby optimizing the treatment plan for acid gas and waste sulfuric acid. The process characteristics of the unit in various stages of incineration cracking, purification, conversion, dry absorption, and tail absorption were summarized. After years of stable operation of the unit, its emissions, energy consumption and other indicators were still far superior to national standards, with significant effects in environmental protection, energy conservation, consumption reduction, emission reduction, and circular economy.

Key words: acid gas incineration, waste sulfuric acid cracking, integration, sulfuric acid unit, gas distribution scheme, energy consumption, exhaust emission

摘要：

一体化焚烧裂解再生炼厂酸性气和废硫酸制酸工艺能很好地解决炼油厂产生的酸性气和废硫酸的处理问题。以某炼油厂利用酸性气和废硫酸为原料来生产烷基化用酸(H₂SO₄质量分数99.2%)的工艺流程为例，通过分析该工艺的焚烧裂解、净化、转化、干吸等工段的反应特点，以及炼油厂现有公用工程条件和装置运行的经济可靠性，调整原料(酸性气和废硫酸)、助燃气(空气和富氧)和燃料气的配比，以得到合理的配气方案，从而优化酸性气和废硫酸处理方案，并总结了该装置在焚烧裂解、净化、转化、干吸和尾吸各个工段的工艺特点。该装置稳定运行多年后，排放能耗等各项指标仍远优于国家标准规定，在“环保、节能、降耗、减排、循环经济”方面效果显著。

关键词: 酸性气焚烧, 废硫酸裂解, 一体化, 硫酸装置, 配气方案, 能耗, 废气排放