Abstract:

Static desalting of four crude oils refined by SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Petrochemical Plant is conducted, and the influence of oilfield chemicals on the desalting quality of crude oil is investigated, as well as the influence of key chemicals on the desalting of crude oil. The results show that the effects of oil recovery chemicals and gathering-transportation chemicals on desalting efficiency are related to their constituent groups; flocculants, thickeners, emulsifiers, and water blocking agents have negative effects on crude oil desalting, making desalting effects worse; surfactants, foaming agents, demulsifiers, and pour point depressants have positive effects on crude oil desalting, making desalting effects better. The mechanism by which oil recovery chemicals and gathering-transportation chemicals affect the desalting effect of crude oil is controlled by their viscosity, interfacial properties, and interactions between components. Improvement measures to improve the desalting effect such as adjusting the proportion of mixed crude oil, mixing demulsifiers, and ultrasonic assisted dehydration are proposed.

Key words: electric desalting, crude oil, oilfield chemical agent, viscosity, interfacial properties

摘要：

对中国石化胜利油田石油化工总厂炼制的4种原油进行了静态脱盐，考察了油田化学剂对原油脱盐质量的影响，并考察了重点化学剂对原油脱盐的影响。结果表明：采油化学剂与集输化学剂对脱盐效果的影响与其组成基团有关，絮凝剂、稠化剂、乳化剂、堵水剂等对原油脱盐起负面作用，使脱盐效果变差；表面活性剂、起泡剂、破乳剂、降凝剂对原油脱盐起正面效应，使脱盐效果变好。采油化学剂与集输化学剂影响原油脱盐效果机制受其黏度、界面性质、组分间相互作用强弱控制，即黏度高、界面作用力强、与原油沥青质吸附性强都会影响原油脱盐效果。提出了混炼原油调节比例、破乳剂复配以及超声波辅助脱水等提高脱盐效果的改进措施。

关键词: 电脱盐, 原油, 油田化学剂, 黏度, 界面性质