Abstract: The current electric desalination technology is prone to many problems during the processing of heavy crude oil, such as salt content and excessive water content after crude oil desalination. This article explores the influence of voltage on the desalination and dehydration processes of heavy crude oil, providing theoretical support for solving the desalination problem of heavy crude oil. Based on the analysis of the relationship between crude oil composition and salt content, total chlorine, as well as the effect of applied voltage on desalination and dehydration of crude oil, the following conclusions can be drawn. Salt and total chlorine in crude oil are mostly enriched in n-heptane insoluble substance (HI), and the higher the content of HI in crude oil, the higher the proportion of chlorine in HI. 92.5% of total chlorine in crude oil exists in HI. Under the same electric field intensity, the higher the HI content of crude oil, the greater the effect of voltage on its desalination and dehydration. For crude oil with a HI content of 15.82%, when the voltage is increased from 1300V to 1500V, the NaCl mass concentration of crude oil is increased from 8.78 mg/L to 10.25 mg/L, and the water content is increased from 0.43% to 1.37%. Polar components such as HI in crude oil will move under the action of an electric field, and high voltage will cause the aggregation of HI in the electric field area, exacerbating their emulsification with water and increasing the difficulty of demulsification, especially for crude oil with high HI content.

Key words: font-family:-apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, ", font-size:14px, background-color:#FFFFFF, ">electric field, heavy crude oil, desalination and dehydration, salt content, total chlorine content, voltage, n-heptane soluble substance, n-heptane insoluble substance

摘要： 针对当前电脱盐技术在加工重质原油时易出现脱后原油含盐、含水超标等问题，探究了电压对重质原油电脱盐脱水效果的影响。从原油组成与盐含量、总氯的关系和施加电压对原油脱盐脱水的影响两方面进行分析，得出以下结论：原油中的盐及氯大多富集在正庚烷不溶物（HI）中，且原油中HI含量越高，HI中所含氯的比例越高，原油中约占总氯92.5%的氯存在于HI中；相同电场强度下，HI含量越高的原油，电压对其脱盐脱水影响越大，HI质量分数为15.82%的原油，当电压从1300V提升至1500V时，脱后原油NaCl质量浓度从8.78mg/L提升至10.25mg/L，水质分数从0.43%提升至1.37%；原油中HI等极性组分会在电场作用下发生移动，而高电压作用会导致HI在电场区域聚集，加剧其与水的乳化，加大破乳难度，尤其是针对HI含量高的原油，受其影响更加明显。

关键词: font-family:-apple-system, blinkmacsystemfont, ", font-size:14px, background-color:#FFFFFF, ">电场, 重质原油, 脱盐脱水, 盐含量, 总氯, 电压, 正庚烷可溶物, 正庚烷不溶物