Petroleum Refinery Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 56-59.

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Research and Application Prospect of Green Ammonia Fuel

Liu Mingrui, Sun Qianyao, Sun Jin   

  1. SINOPEC (Dalian) Research Institute of Petroleum and Chemicals Co., Ltd.
  • Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-25

绿氨燃料研究与应用展望

刘名瑞，孙乾耀，孙进   

  1. 中石化（大连）石油化工研究院有限公司
  • 作者简介:刘名瑞，副研究员，硕士，2012年毕业于天津大学化学工艺专业，研究新能源储运工艺。E-mail: liumingrui.fshy@sinopec.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石化科技项目（122202）

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Abstract:

With the in-depth exploration of green energy technologies, green ammonia, with its high energy density, low liquefaction and storage costs, and carbon-free energy storage, is expected to become a new "zero-carbon, hydrogen-rich" fuel. This paper explores and summarizes the combustion mechanisms, NOₓ emission characteristics, and flame performance of pure ammonia and ammonia mixtures with H₂, CH₄, gasoline, and diesel, analyzing the feasibility of ammonia as a fuel. Considering the market trends of green ammonia and its potential in the shipping industry, it is projected that the market share of green ammonia fuel will steadily increase in the future. An economic analysis of green ammonia fuel is conducted from four aspects: production cost, storage and transportation cost, usage cost, and maintenance cost. It is estimated that by 2035, the production and application cost of "green ammonia" will be 1,700 yuan per ton, and the electricity generation cost of ammonia fuel cells will be 1.0 yuan per kW·h. Improving the combustion performance of ammonia fuel by adjusting the proportion of combustion aids and addressing the energy consumption issues in ammonia synthesis will play a positive role in the development and application of ammonia fuel.

Key words: green ammonia fuel, clean energy, combustion mechanism, zero-carbon, green electricity, shipping fuel, green ammonia cost, economic analysis

摘要：

随着绿色能源技术探索的深入，绿氨凭借较高的能量密度、较低的液化储运成本和无碳储能的优势，有望成为新的“零碳富氢”燃料。围绕氨燃料特点，探索并总结了纯氨及氨与H₂、CH₄、汽油和柴油混合后的燃烧机理、NOₓ的排放特点、火焰性能等，分析了氨燃料的应用可行性。结合绿氨市场和航运领域趋势，推测绿氨燃料在未来的市场份额将会稳步提升。从制备成本、储运成本、使用成本和维护成本4个方面展开绿氨燃料经济性分析，预计到2035年“绿氨”的生产和应用成本为1,700元/t，氨燃料电池的发电成本为1.0元/(kW·h)。通过调整助燃剂比例改善氨燃料的燃烧性能，克服氨合成工艺中的能耗问题，将对氨燃料的发展与应用起到积极作用。

关键词: 绿氨燃料, 清洁能源, 燃烧机理, 零碳, 绿电, 航运燃料, 绿氨成本, 经济性