Abstract: The catalyst deactivation rate of a 3.2 MMTPY wax oil hydrotreating unit in a certain company is as high as 2.16℃/month. After analysis, it is found that the significant increase of asphaltene content in feedstock is the main reason for the rapid deactivation of the catalyst in the unit. Based on the molecular model of asphaltene and the principle of catalyst deactivation, a comparative analysis is conducted on the catalyst deactivation rates when the asphaltene mass fraction in feedstock is at 200, 500, 2800 μg/g, and the hydrogen partial pressure is at 9.0 MPa and 11.0 MPa, respectively. Measures to extend the operating cycle of the unit are proposed. According to the principle of catalyst deactivation, it is proposed that for the wax oil hydrotreating unit with a hydrogen partial pressure less than 10.5 MPa, the mass fraction of asphaltene in feedstock should be controlled at less than 500 μg/g, and the operating cycle of the unit can reach 4 years. When the mass fraction of asphaltene in feedstock is reduced to below 300 μg/g and a suitable catalyst grading scheme is matched, the carbon deposition on the catalyst surface can reach a steady-state equilibrium, achieving ultra-long cycle operation of the unit.

Key words: asphaltene, wax oil hydrotreating, long cycle operation, temperature rise

摘要： 某公司3.2Mt/a蜡油加氢处理装置催化剂失活速率高达2.16℃/月。经分析发现，原料沥青质含量大幅上涨是导致该装置催化剂快速失活的主要原因。根据沥青质分子模型和催化剂失活原理，对比分析了原料中沥青质量分数分别在200、500、2800μg/g工况以及氢分压分别在9.0、11.0MPa下的催化剂失活速率，提出了延长装置转运周期的措施。根据催化剂失活原理，提出对氢分压在中压范围（小于10.5MPa）的蜡油加氢处理装置，原料沥青质量分数控制在小于500μg/g，装置转运周期可以达到4a。原料沥青质量分数降低到300μg/g以下且匹配合适的催化剂级配方方案，可以达到催化剂表面积炭稳态平衡，实现装置超长周期运行。

关键词: 沥青质, 蜡油加氢, 长周期运行, 温度翘尾